大功率中频变压器研究综述

大功率中频变压器研究综述

中文关键词:  大功率中频变压器  损耗  寄生参数  绝缘  热管理

作者           单位
杨景刚        国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院, 南京 211103
张珂           东南大学电气工程学院先进电能变换与装备技术研究所, 南京 210096
陈武           东南大学电气工程学院先进电能变换与装备技术研究所, 南京 210096
赵国亮       全球能源互联网研究院有限公司先进输电技术重点实验室, 北京 102209
陈智           许继变压器有限公司技术部, 许昌 461000
董阔军       山东晨宇电气股份有限公司, 青州 262515

中文摘要:
在交直流混合配网、电力机车牵引及工业特种电源等电能变换领域，大功率中频变压器作为关键设备，因其体积与功率密度优势得到了广泛应用。目前国内对中频变压器的建模与设计已接近国际先进水平，但在制造工艺方面仍有一定差距。介绍了大功率中频变压器的应用背景，并回顾了近年来国内外的样机研制工作；分章节阐述了中频变压器的损耗计算与优化，寄生参数建模与控制、干式中频变压器绝缘以及新型热管理技术；最后，对大功率中频变压器领域目前存在的挑战与热点问题作了总结。

内容节选：
提高整机效率与功率密度是近年来电力电子设备发展的主流趋势[1]，随着开关器件性能的提高与纳米晶等新型磁性材料的广泛应用[2-3]，电力电子装置朝着高频化与高功率密度的方向发展。装置高频化可有效降低磁性元件（如变压器）的体积与重量，提升功率密度。大功率场合常使用绕线式（包括铜箔绕组式）中频变压器作为电压变换与电气隔离设备，其频率范围大多为1~50kHz，在诸如海上风电中压直流汇集[4-5]、电力机车牵引[6]、电力电子变压器与柔性变电站[7-11]、舰船电力系统[12]及工业特种电源等场合有广泛应用前景。
随着电网公司三型两网战略的深入，基于电力电子变压器PET（power electronic transformer）拓扑的能量路由器与柔性变电站受到了学界与工程界的广泛关注，并在苏州同里能源变革小镇等示范项目中开始得到应用，它能为新能源提供多端口、多电压等级柔性接入，实现灵活潮流控制、电能质量管理和无功补偿等功能，显著提高电网智能化水平[13]。其中大功率中频变压器不但承担了电压变换、功率传递和电气隔离等任务，同时还具有更小体积、更高功率密度等优点。
再如在电力机车牵引系统中，中压交流电网将电能传递至工频降压变压器，再通过整流器转换为中间级直流电压；此后，该直流电压分别通过多个电力电子装置逆变为各牵引电机驱动电压。然而，在高铁等现代电力机车上，各车厢均包含独立牵引系统，且车厢容量有限，因而对牵引变的体积提出了要求。受目前开关器件耐压水平的限制，可通过级联型结构[6]连接至中压交流电网，并整流为直流电压，再通过直流变压器转换为中间直流电压，后逆变用于电机牵引。大功率中频变压器作为直流变压器的关键部件，使得牵引系统体积与重量更小。
近年来，大功率中频变压器的基础模型研究与样机设计也越来越多的在重点项目中被提及，如2017年重点研发计划野大功率电力电子装备用高频磁性元件关键技术冶专项集中解决了大功率纳米晶磁芯的国产化，中频变压器损耗与寄生参数建模，多物理场耦合优化等问题，并研制200kVA，效率不低于99%的工程样机。此外，野大型光伏电站直流升压汇集接入关键技术及设备研制冶和野分布式光伏多端口接入直流配电系统关键技术和装备冶等重点研发计划项目中均包含工程用大功率中频变压器的设计与研制工作。

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